ES-PY-L4.1

UT3.1–3.5 The earth, courses, publications and time

ES-PY-M4 · UT3 Teoría de navegación (Navigation Theory) · ES-PY-M4-A The definitions behind the navigation-theory cap: sphere, courses, Ct, publications, time and electronic aids.

Definitions, all of them. The trick is precision: **rumbo de superficie** is not **rumbo efectivo**, and **hora legal** is not **hora oficial**.

Independent study. xplor is not affiliated with the Dirección General de la Marina Mercante, any Spanish regional government or the Govern de les Illes Balears, and awards no title, certificate or endorsement. This course does not replace the official exam, the regulation practicals or the radio course, which must be completed at an authorised nautical school (escuela náutica de recreo). AI-drafted content pending subject-matter-expert review.