FR-HAUT-L4.1

Distance, speed, time and dead reckoning

FR-HAUT-M4 · Course to steer and dead reckoning · FR-HAUT-M4-A Distance, speed and time; the forward current triangle; and the full chain from required track back to compass heading.

**Faire l'estime** (dead reckoning) is the backbone of the chart paper: from a known position, course and speed, where are you now and when will you arrive?

Independent study. xplor is not affiliated with the French maritime administration (DGAMPA), the ENSM, any DDTM or any préfecture maritime, is not an approved bateau-école or training centre, and awards no title, permit, certificate or endorsement. The extension hauturière is obtained only by passing the DDTM's 1h30 paper, in French, on SHOM chart 9999; all chart data in this course are illustrative. AI-drafted content pending subject-matter-expert review.