CELESTIAL-L5.3

Great circle sailing basics

CELESTIAL-M5 · Stars, compass error, great circles and the electronic bridge · CELESTIAL-M5-A Twilight star and planet sights, compass error by azimuth and amplitude, great circle sailing, and where astro fits alongside GNSS and ECDIS.

The shortest track on a sphere. Worked from Las Palmas to Antigua: **2,636.9 miles** by great circle against **2,648.3** by rhumb line, a saving of only **11 miles** at these latitudes.

Independent study. xplor is not an accredited training provider and awards no certificate or Certificate of Competency. The MCA 'Celestial Navigation' examination must be sat at an MCA-approved examination centre, and the Yachtmaster Ocean certificate is awarded only by the RYA after its own oral and written examination. AI-drafted content pending subject-matter-expert review.