CELESTIAL-L5.4

Electronic back-ups and when celestial is still required

CELESTIAL-M5 · Stars, compass error, great circles and the electronic bridge · CELESTIAL-M5-A Twilight star and planet sights, compass error by azimuth and amplitude, great circle sailing, and where astro fits alongside GNSS and ECDIS.

GNSS is excellent until it is jammed, spoofed or switched off. Celestial is the only fully independent **ocean** position fix; this lesson places it in a modern yacht's bridge routine and closes with exam technique.

Independent study. xplor is not an accredited training provider and awards no certificate or Certificate of Competency. The MCA 'Celestial Navigation' examination must be sat at an MCA-approved examination centre, and the Yachtmaster Ocean certificate is awarded only by the RYA after its own oral and written examination. AI-drafted content pending subject-matter-expert review.